中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
访谈|因美纳全球高级副总裁李庆:中国市场是发展基因测序的“宝地”******
(第五届进博会)访谈|因美纳全球高级副总裁李庆:中国市场是发展基因测序的“宝地”
中新社上海11月7日电 题:访谈|因美纳全球高级副总裁李庆:中国市场是发展基因测序的“宝地”
中新社记者 李佳佳
“今天在进博展台上看到的因美纳新产品NovaSeq X Plus,目前全球只有四台,我们几乎在第一时间把它带到了本届进博会。”指着正在进博会舞台上“全球首展”“亚洲首秀”的展品,全球基因测序和芯片技术领先企业因美纳全球高级副总裁兼大中华区总经理李庆说。
作为紧密联系中国市场和世界企业的重要纽带,进博会的如期举办传递了中国不断对外开放、共享高质量发展新机遇的积极信号。李庆指出,因美纳是中国生命科学和基因检测产业蓬勃发展的获益者与推动者,期待通过进博会搭建的交融互通桥梁,加速创新成果与先进技术在华落地,满足更多科研发展与临床应用需求,让更多人享受到基因组学带来的变革性进步。
就在上个月,2022年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖公布,因为在“关于已灭绝人类基因组和人类进化的发现”方面的贡献,瑞典生物学家斯万特·帕博获此殊荣,而他恰好是因美纳的客户。“对于基因,大家的认知可能有所不同,但无一例外,大家都能认同的是,今年是‘基因大年’。”李庆说,“斯万特·帕博的获奖,对于很多医学领域从业者是一个大事件,这意味着大家的理解已经进入基因层面。”
近几年,“基因测序”逐渐成为一个时髦的新词,但是这项技术的普及率并不高。“可能因为很多人没有条件做,也有可能知晓度、认可度还不高,我们的上一辈甚至就连医生可能都没有这个认知。”另一个关键的问题在于成本。据美国国家人类基因组研究所(NHGRI)数据,2001年,单位基因组的测序成本高达1亿美元。
因美纳上一代高通量测序仪是2017年发布的NovaSeq6000,当时一个人类全基因组测序的成本需要600美元,5年后的现在,随着新产品的推出,同一单位测序成本降到了200美元。李庆称,成本的降低对于整个基因产业、人类健康的推动作用很大。“从科研到临床,从患者诊疗到现在的健康管理,比方说癌症早筛,测序成本只有越来越低,才能进一步拓展测序的可及性。”
为什么基因测序的普及如此重要?在李庆的理解中,基因测序是一项面向未来的事业,它在重大疾病诊断、遗传病筛查、农业、合成生物学等领域都有广阔的应用场景。大量的人群肿瘤基因诊断项目、微小残留病灶(MRD)、新型的诊断方式等,都在不断涌现。
在临床上,基因的检测需求与肿瘤领域的应用密切相关。癌症病人全部都有基因变异,而这个变异随着治疗会发生变化,所以帮助患者找出基因变异的靶点,从而匹配这方面的药物,是基因检测在肿瘤领域里最早的应用。近几年,全球有一个新的趋势,即微小残留病灶也需要应用到基因检测技术,因为这一技术能够先于影像学,重新看到又扩散或者复发的风险,从而能够尽早干预。更新的应用就是癌症早筛,即甲基化测序泛癌肿瘤。当患者体内有微小肿瘤的时候,可以很早通过基因测序将肿瘤找出来,并可以根据肿瘤的甲基化特征进行定位,进行一些必要的干预,因此这是一个很有前景的应用。
目前,中国市场正是发展基因测序的“宝地”。李庆列举了中国市场的两大优势:技术与人口。
首先,智慧芽创新研究中心发布的《医药生物系列报告之四——基因测序前沿技术洞察报告》显示,在第四代测序技术——纳米孔测序技术领域,美英中三国掌握着核心专利,正如李庆所评价的“紧跟世界潮流”。
第二个优势则在于中国庞大的人口基数。“基因测序是以大数据作为背景的,测序的人越多,积累的数据越多,未来能够挖掘的东西也就越多。”李庆解释道,“从这个角度,开展大规模人群的研究,无论是对于患者群体还是健康群体,能产生的积极影响都将非常巨大”。(完)